References
PVC Poison Plastic: An investigation following the Ohio train derailment of widespread vinyl chloride pollution caused by PVC production
References
[1] “Norfolk Southern Railway Train Derailment with Subsequent Hazardous Material Release and Fires,” NTSB, NTSB Investigations, Preliminary Report RRD23MR005, February 23 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/Documents/RRD23MR005%20East%20Palestine%20OH%20Prelim.pdf
[2] “ToxFAQs™ for Vinyl Chloride.” Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/ToxFAQs/ToxFAQsDetails.aspx?faqid=281&toxid=51 (accessed April 6, 2023).
[3] E.-L. Dreher, K. K. Beutel, J. D. Myers, T. Lübbe, S. Krieger, and L. H. Pottenger, “Chloroethanes and Chloroethylenes,” Wiley Online Library, p. 40, November 19, 2014 2014, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/14356007.o06_o01.pub2.
[4] “TRI Data and Tools,” ed. EPA Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Program: United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2021.
[5] “Access CDR Data,” ed. Chemical Data Reporting: United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2023.
[6] EPA. EJScreen: Environmental Justice Screening and Mapping Tool. [Online]. Available: https://www.epa.gov/ejscreen
[7] “An Inventory of Sources and Environmental Releases of Dioxin-Like Compounds in the United States for the Years 1987, 1995, and 2000,” EPA, 2006. [Online]. Available: https://www.epa.gov/dioxin/inventory-dioxin-sources-and-environmental-releases
[8] “Why Are Children Often Especially Susceptible to the Adverse Effects of Environmental Toxicants?” Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/pediatric-environmental-health/why_children.html (accessed April 6, 2023).
[9] “Toxic wastewater from Ohio train derailment moved to Texas,” February 24, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://apnews.com/article/ohio-texas-houston-climate-and-environment-53c8cd54e99d05b3ec7d07d1d6ef97a8
[10] J. Prestininzi, “EPA pauses shipments of Ohio train derailment’s toxic waste to Michigan,” February 25, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/wayne/2023/02/25/ohio-train-derailment-toxic-waste-shipments-michigan/69944101007/
[11] K. Fisher, “EPA pauses transport of toxic soil to Indiana from Ohio train derailment,” March 7, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.wishtv.com/news/i-team-8/epa-pauses-transport-of-toxic-soil-to-indiana-from-ohio-train-derailment/
[12] R. McFerren, “A look at Columbiana Co. incinerator selected to burn East Palestine toxic waste,” February 27, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.wfmj.com/story/48459834/a-look-at-columbiana-co-incinerator-selected-to-burn-east-palestine-toxic-waste
[13] M. Zhang, A. Buekens, X. Jiang, and X. Li, “Dioxins and polyvinylchloride in combustion and fires,” Waste Manag Res, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 630-43, Jul 2015, doi: 10.1177/0734242X15590651.
[14] H. Zhou, A. Meng, Y. Long, Q. Li, and Y. Zhang, “A review of dioxin-related substances during municipal solid waste incineration,” Waste Manag, vol. 36, pp. 106-18, Feb 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.11.011.
[15] P. Lu, Q. Huang, A. C. T. Bourtsalas, N. J. Themelis, Y. Chi, and J. Yan, “Review on fate of chlorine during thermal processing of solid wastes,” J Environ Sci (China), vol. 78, pp. 13-28, Apr 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.09.003.
[16] M. Zhang, T. Fujimori, K. Shiota, X. Li, and M. Takaoka, “Formation pathways of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans from burning simulated PVC-coated cable wires,” Chemosphere, vol. 264, no. Pt 2, p. 128542, Feb 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128542.
[17] S. Fernando, K. J. Jobst, V. Y. Taguchi, P. A. Helm, E. J. Reiner, and B. E. McCarry, “Identification of the halogenated compounds resulting from the 1997 Plastimet Inc. fire in Hamilton, Ontario, using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and (ultra)high resolution mass spectrometry,” Environ Sci Technol, vol. 48, no. 18, pp. 10656-63, Sep 16 2014, doi: 10.1021/es503428j.
[18] G. R. Muñoz and M. A. Panero, “POLLUTION PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR DIOXINS IN THE NEW YORK/NEW JERSEY HARBOR,” New York Academy of Sciences, New York Academy of Sciences, August 2006 2006. [Online]. Available: https://www.nyas.org/media/2922/06_dioxin_final.pdf
[19] “Dioxins and their effects on human health,” October 4, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dioxins-and-their-effects-on-human-health
[20] “The 12 initial POPs under the Stockholm Convention.” Stockholm Convention. http://www.pops.int/TheConvention/ThePOPs/The12InitialPOPs/tabid/296/Default.aspx (accessed April 6, 2023).
Read the report
- I.Introduction
- II.Not an isolated incident
- III.Largest vinyl chloride polluters
- IV.PVC plastic and environmental justice
- V.Interactive Map
- VI.Vinyl chloride and toxic waste
- VII.Safer Solutions
- VIII.Methodology
- IX.Credits and Creative Commons License
- X.References